Modern OOP and Multi Paradigm Programming Ĭlassic OOP developed a tendency to over-rely on a technique called "inheritance," and eventually programmers realized that they were using inheritance for many things that are conceptually distinct. While we don't consider CLOS to be Classic OOP, it did influence modern OOP. The object systems tacked onto Lisp (eventually standardized as CLOS in 1994) produced a very different methodology. Even though much more recent, Java essentially cloned vintage C++, and so we consider Smalltalk, vintage C++, Eiffel, and Java to be Classic OOP. In 1985, unsatisfied with Smalltalk, C++, and various object systems being tacked onto Lisp dialects, Bertrand Meyer created Eiffel. Therefore, it was C -an otherwise unlikely candidate -that Bjarne Stroustrup fused with ideas from Simula to create "C with Classes" which was renamed to C++ in 1983. Meanwhile, while Xerox was developing Smalltalk during the 70s, the C language was becoming popular thanks to UNIX being largely written in C. While Lisp machines were foreshadowing IDEs to come, Smalltalk was pioneering the GUI, ultimately influencing the development of the Macintosh computer. Unlike other early programming languages, Smalltalk was a complete environment rather than just a language, a characteristic it had in common with Lisp at the time. This is largely due to the popularity of C++ and the genius of the Standard Template Library ( STL) demonstrating the utility of the new methodology to such a large audience.Ĭlassic or Pure OOP īy 1980, Xerox had made Smalltalk available to outsiders, appropriately named Smalltalk-80. Although often derided by OOP purists, it was the standardization of C++ in 1998 -including generic programming facilities - that really ushered in the modern era of OOP, which we also refer to as Multi-Paradigm programming. ![]() Languages such as Self, ideas like interface programming (also known as component or component-oriented programming), and methodologies such as generic programming were being developed in response to these difficulties. By the early 1990s, enough experience had been gained with large OOP projects to discover some limitations. It was Simula that first instituted "classes" and "objects," leading to the term "object oriented" programming. Object oriented programming can be traced back to a language called Simula, and in particular Simula 67, which was popular during the 1960s. While this distinction is somewhat arbitrary, we believe it is instructive to consider OOP as it was practiced in the 1980s and early 1990s to demonstrate the motivation for more current practices. We will divide up OOP into two phases- classic and modern. The point is to give some indication of the flavor of the languages and some insight into the real-world application of OO ideas. We will explain any non-obvious syntax in the discussion, although this is beside the point. The reader is expected to have a basic familiarity with programming in general, as we will give examples in a variety of languages. Introduction To OOP Introduction įor an overview and history of Object Oriented programming OOP, please reference the Wikipedia article. ![]()
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